直肠静脉曲张(的RV)是在门静脉高压症(PHT)下胃肠出血(LGIB)的一个重要的原因,并已经报道了在44%至发生肝硬化的情况下,[89%
1-
3]。的RV被扩张从midrectum延伸到肛门直肠结,并且被认为不同于内痔,它们的肛门直肠血管丛粘膜下动通信粘膜下门体通信[
4]。盆腔血管造影的研究表明,大多数粘膜下门体通信的房车的(物业服务公司)有离肝流入到内直肠静脉丛(IRVP)通过直肠上静脉(SRV)的分支直肠壁上:肠系膜下静脉的支流[
五]。The SRV inflow to IRVP occurs at about 10 cm distance in lateral wall of rectum and the middle and inferior rectal veins (IRV) act as the outflowing channels [
五)(图
图1(a)和
图1(b))。靠近食道的门脉高压(PHT)显示出四个不同的PSC区,解剖学研究表明,门脉高压(PHT)的直肠存在与IRVP相似的门静脉通讯(图)
图1(b))
6,
7]。
(a)一个覆盖溃疡由凝块给出Dieaulafoy溃疡的外观。凝块无法通过冲洗去除。(b)中At about 6 cm distance in rectum inflowing perforators were noted in the submucosa of rectum. No pararectal varices were seen. (c) A band is applied on the clot as rectal varices were demonstrated by EUS under the ulcer. (d) The bleed stopped but after 24 hours patient rebleeds from a fresh point above the previously banded ulcer. (e) The new point of bleeding is caught inside the band. (f) Two bands are seen applied separately. (g) An inflowing perforator of the diameter of 3 mm is seen coming from the lateral wall of rectum before banding. (h) The diameter of rectal varices became smaller and more numerous as they were followed downwards the anorectal junction. At 4 cm distance the rectal varices are seen going towards the prostate.
对于rv的管理,没有提出标准的算法。球囊闭塞逆行经静脉闭塞是为了闭塞直肠上静脉的供静脉,而肠系膜下静脉的内镜闭塞是为了保护粘膜下血管[
10]。血液动力学评估可以内窥镜或介入放射治疗的选择之前提供治疗优势[
13]。在这一系列的血流动力学评价帮助在绑扎在最高点更靠近流入区域附近的支线船舶的选择。The site, size, and direction of flow of RVs were evaluated, but the confirmation of inflow around 10 cm distance from anus was sufficient for selection of therapy, and banding of the highest point of RVs was done. This approach is contrary to the approach in a retrospective study where no hemodynamic evaluation was done and banding of the RVs was done close to the lowest point at anorectal junction [
15]。这种方法在我们的系列采用类似于食管的闭塞从其中血流从下方向上(图中的最低点静脉曲张
图6(a)和
图6(b))。