He initiated therapy with prednisone at 2 mg/kg given his severe GVHD (NIH severity 4) in addition to increase in tacrolimus dosing to achieve levels in the 7-10 ng/ml range. He did have a response to the high-dose steroids but rapidly developed complications of steroids therapy most notably, steroid myopathy (CTCAE v4.03, grade 3) involving both the upper and lower limbs in the typical proximal muscle distribution seen with steroids. On high-dose steroids, his GVHD symptoms did improve with skin GVHD having a partial response and improvement in his DLCO to 40%. Attempts to taper to below 20 mg resulted in a flare-up of skin GVHD as well as worsening of lung function. He also started having progressive skin symptoms despite being on steroids, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was added to his immunosuppressive regimen. He did not have any benefit in terms of either clinical improvement of GVHD or reduction in steroid dose, and so MMF was discontinued and he had an increase in steroid dose. Ruxolitinib 5 mg PO BID was started in 2014, when steroid therapy proved to be ineffective, and he had an excellent rapid response to symptoms. His skin GVHD was controlled with improvement appearing within the first month of initiation of therapy. His lung function also stabilized with DLCO in the 35-45 range. He was weaned off of other immunosuppressants quickly at the patient discretion but did not have a flare-up despite a rapid taper of steroids. His myopathy resolved as expected within the first month after discontinuation of steroids. At present time, his cGVHD is under control with ruxolitinib alone. Attempts to wean off of his current dosage of ruxolitinib have proved unsuccessful as cGVHD flares up and symptoms worsen. His weaning attempts initially were per standard recommendations with the dose tapered to 5 mg once a day and plans for discontinuation. He was never off ruxolitinib for prolonged periods as his symptoms flared up within a week and had to restart therapy. His GVHD did respond to restarting the ruxolitinib at 5 mg twice a day. Patient seemingly tolerates the treatment with ruxolitinib, and he has had no identifiable issues or side effects from long-term use. Of note, he did have one admission to the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia in 2018 which resolved with appropriate antibiotic therapy. The current prospective treatment plan involves a taper attempt every 3-4 months with 2.5 mg every two months to wean off therapy as tolerated. The clinical question then becomes if a patient is seemingly gaining benefit from ruxolitinib therapy, does the risk of the unknown long-term therapy use outweigh the benefits of current stability of suppressing cGVHD.
有多项研究强调了长期使用ruxolitinib治疗骨髓纤维化患者的副作用,包括全血细胞减少、病毒再激活和感染。有报道称,长期使用对髓纤维性疾病患者的肝毒性[
9]。虽然许多研究是不同的疾病状态,治疗的时间在一定程度上与我们的病人重叠。因此,在长期副作用的情况下,我们可以合理地声明,我们的患者的治疗时间长度与其他使用ruxolitinib的时间长度一致。最后一个想法是,增加的剂量可能会对sr-cGVHD过程产生不可预见的影响。大多数研究都是通过Zeiser给出的剂量参数进行的
et al。(
2]。到目前为止,我们的经验还没有显示长期使用鲁索利替尼会增加总体发病率或死亡率。需要更多的研究和案例来评估长期使用ruxolitinib的结果,以及长期是否有任何副作用(未报道),以纳入管理决策。
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