一个24岁的女性,胆囊切除术和APML的既往病史呈现给医院伴恶心,呕吐,上腹部疼痛2天的历史。她的肿瘤学史包括化疗,阿糖胞苷,柔红霉素,和全反式维甲酸1年之前的介绍。One year after induction therapy, she had clinical relapse, and therapy was changed to arsenic trioxide at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day (17 mg daily), which was administered intravenously 5 days per week for an anticipated 20 dose total. On Day 11 of therapy, the patient developed the current symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the epigastrium. With regard to laboratory data, the patient had an elevated amylase level (405 U/L; normal 30–110 U/L), an elevated aspartate aminotransferase level (43 U/L; normal 14–36 U/L), an elevated lipase level (4960 U/L; normal 6–75 U/L), and a low hemoglobin level (9.8 g/dL; normal 12.3–15.3 g/dL). Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen/pelvis showed evidence of prior cholecystectomy. Right upper quadrant ultrasound revealed a normal pancreas, a common bile duct 3.5 mm without intrahepatic ductal dilation, a surgically absent gallbladder, and a normal liver. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) revealed normal pancreatic morphology with no evidence of pancreas divisum. Bile aspirate was negative for microcrystalline disease. Triglycerides, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and IgG4 levels were negative. Arsenic therapy was held during the hospitalization. The patient responded well to intravenous fluids, pain control, and antiemetics. Her biochemical parameters normalized by hospital day 8.
One week later, arsenic therapy was reintroduced at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/day. On day 14 of therapy, the patient developed mental status changes, respiratory distress, hypotension, and recurrent pancreatitis with elevated amylase and lipase levels. CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed heterogeneity of the pancreas consistent with pancreatitis. The arsenic trioxide was held, and succimer was initiated as a chelating agent for suspected arsenic toxicity. Blood and urine toxicology levels of arsenic were significantly elevated 25 days after cessation of therapy. Further workup for the altered mental status included EEGs which revealed generalized slowing consistent with toxic metabolic encephalopathy. The patient eventually required a tracheostomy and a percutaneous gastrojejunostomy and was transferred to a skilled long-term care facility.
砷中毒的早期临床病程常与肠胃炎相似。食入后30分钟至数小时可出现症状[
18]。值大于50-100 ug/24小时提示砷中毒[
18]。A fatal dose ranges between 100 mg and 300 mg, although smaller doses may also be life-threatening [
18,
19]。