50百分位,一个5岁的男孩(43英寸和42磅,50百分位)提交给Parkside医疗集团(高地,CA)神经系统评估。他母亲记得被告知他可能智力障碍基于血液测试和羊膜穿刺术;然而,这些测试结果目前还不清楚。否则,怀孕历史和交付是正常的。他体重6磅10盎司(20百分位)出生时,走在14个月,说“妈妈”和“爸爸”在8 - 9个月。在儿童早期,他不想被周围其他孩子。他坚持的习惯;例如,当他的父亲会改变他最喜欢的电视频道,他会变得很生气。他说西班牙语和英语。他参加了在学前特殊教育水平和他能数到100。 However, he could not focus in school. He was diagnosed with ADHD and mild autism based on the DSM V criteria by a child psychologist six months prior to the neurology visit. He was started on amphetamine-dextroamphetamine ER 10 mg daily, which improved his behavior both at home and at school. He started participating more in group activities. On exam, he was found to have a high anterior hairline, a triangular face, a short chin, widely spaced eyes, prominent nasal bridge, and conical teeth (Figure
1)。没有角膜混浊或preauricular鳞片。他能回答他的名字,年龄,和他喜欢什么,但是缺乏互惠和目光接触。没有抽搐。然而,他烦躁,不能耐心等待轮到他的时候,是徘徊,说过西班牙语,打断他的父母。因此,他Adderall XR是每天增加到20毫克,但他成为了催人泪下的情感;因此降低回10毫克每日剂量,但是7个月以后剂量必须增加回15毫克每日由于他持久多动症的症状。他还与胍法辛治疗失眠晚上0.5毫克。值得注意的是,他有哮喘和被对待布地奈德0.5毫克/ 2毫升悬挂和montelukast 4毫克每日。家族史是不起眼的。 He has an 11-year-old healthy sister. There was no history of consanguinity. His EKG was normal. There was no history of seizures; EEG was not performed due to lack of cooperation. His lab results were all normal (cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, vitamin A, free retinol, and plac Lp PLA2) except for human growth hormone, which was elevated (1.6 ng/ml; normal range 0.01–0.97 ng/ml). He tested negative for fragile X syndrome with 29 CGG repeats. Chromosomal microarray (CMA), performed at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN), demonstrated a 1.7 Mb deletion at Xp22.31 (Figure
2),其中包括6基因;STS,假尿苷5′磷酸酶(PUDP), microRNA 4767 (MIR4767),可变电荷,x连锁(VCX) patatin-like磷脂酶域包含4 (PNPLA4)和微651 (MIR651),这是一致的诊断XLI [
4,
5]。CMA执行使用拷贝数和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)在全基因组阵列探测器(CytoScan高清平台)(Affymetrix)。这个数组的全基因组功能的决议是大约30 kb为重复删除和60 kb。的干燥、鳞状皮肤在他的腹部和胫前粘液性区域(图
1)在收到确认的结果数组中。没有隐睾症的迹象。患者的母亲不能测试由于缺乏保险。