依诺肝素的抗凝剂的选择需要心肺旁路的心脏手术。然而,它会导致肝素诱发严重的副作用,如血小板减少症(打击),一个免疫介导的过程,针对肝素和血小板抗体复合物。在这种情况下,替代药物策略实现促进安全旁路的条件。女人有严重失代偿性心力衰竭是肝素化主动脉内球囊泵和随后的使用位置。6天,血小板下降,从113000年到26000年。她被诊断为打击。肝素是停止,取而代之的是一个argatroban期间注入她的照顾,直到心脏移植完成。我们审查机制、诊断和并发症。我们讨论心肺旁路及其与肝素的关系,冲击,肝素替代品。我们讨论argatroban有关药理学、临床使用、利弊。
接受心脏手术的患者经常需要体外循环(CPB)孤立静止的心,不流血的外科领域。抗凝治疗是关键步骤之一的患者体外循环做准备。依诺肝素钠(能)是心脏手术的首选抗凝剂和用于防止凝血酶生成,因此防止体外凝血电路。然而,它会导致肝素诱发严重的副作用,如血小板减少症。2型冲击是一种免疫介导的过程,抗体是针对肝素和血小板4复合物(PF4),导致血小板下降> 50%,5 - 10天的肝素治疗后血栓形成。尽管合成血小板下降,患者出现血栓的风险增加(
一个28岁的女人,产后心肌病被严重失代偿性心力衰竭(EF < 15%)。随后,她于急性肾衰竭肌酐水平上升从1.0到2.9 mg / dL在住院治疗。她开始inotropes和升压,主动脉内球囊泵,通过肝素化使用被放置。然而,病人继续恶化需要紧急移植。6天,血小板下降,从113000年到26000年被注意到。肝素是停止,病人开始argatroban达到基线aPTT 2 - 3倍。后获得一个合适的捐赠者,病人原定了心脏移植10天。术前,实验室如下:血红蛋白:8 g / dl;血小板:110000;肌酐:2 mg / dl; PT: 10.9; and aPTT: 60.1. Given the timing and magnitude of the platelet count decline, along with its resolution after heparin cessation, the need for further laboratory investigation was deemed not necessary, and the patient was diagnosed with HIT. Two peripheral intravenous lines, 16G and 18G, and a 20G right radial arterial line were placed, followed by central venous catheterization. Intraoperatively, induction and intubation were uneventful. After sternotomy, a loading dose of argatroban 200 mcg/kg was administered to reach the target ACT > 400 (activated clotting time). ACT values were derived utilizing the point-of-care Hemochron Signature Elite, whole blood microcoagulation system. Once ACT >400, the patient was placed on CPB. This was followed with an infusion of argatroban at 3.5 mcg/kg/min initially and then titrated to 3 mcg/kg/min as guided by ACT. The infusion was continued until the patient was successfully weaned from CPB. During surgery, no clots were noted in the extracorporeal circuit, and postoperatively, there were no thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. aPTT normalized 23 hours after stopping argatroban. The postoperative course was significant only for line sepsis requiring a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy and oliguria for which the patient was being hemodialyzed prior to surgery.
冲击是一种潜在威胁生命的免疫介导性疾病,会导致广泛的血栓形成1 - 3%的患者暴露于心脏手术后未分离肝素(
这些病人需要绕过前抗凝的另一种形式。常用药物包括argatroban bivalirudin、fondaparinux danaparoid,他们的行为通过抑制凝血酶生成。然而,他们的使用可能会导致某些问题的病人安排在心脏手术。急性肾损伤的存在在这个病人只允许使用argatroban lepirudin和danaparoid都主要由肾脏排出(
Argatroban是一个小的合成分子,抑制血栓绑定和免费的凝血酶。很快就达到稳态等离子体与一个可预测的剂量反应效果,与理想的抗凝效果(
虽然argatroban的使用在我们的示例中有一个成功的结果,有报道称说明各种并发症的围手术期处理使用这种药物
教育和就业过程中执行的工作是作者奈曼大学医院。
作者宣称没有利益冲突。