地下地面裂缝构成严重危害,以及地上结构。在地下铁路,附近地面裂缝,甚至更高,因为隧道面临潜在的灾害威胁裂缝活动。确定隧道之间的交互和地面裂缝的地震,实地调查和数据分析应用研究活动和损害引起的裂缝。振动台试验和数值模拟模型被用来理解裂缝站点和隧道的动力响应。裂缝网站有一个清晰的挂壁效应,加速度放大是更大的比下盘表面上和在中间的裂缝。欧元区的影响也是广泛的挂墙上。加速度放大倍数增加埋深和峰值加速度输入的地震。峰值地面加速度(PGA)减少裂缝的两边的埋藏深度。最伟大的PGA系数得到表面的网站。垂直土压力影响的地铁隧道和裂缝。 The vertical soil pressure was larger in the hanging wall, especially in the zone near the fissure, but was less near the tunnel. The horizontal soil pressure above the tunnel was less than that near the fissure. The results of this study are essential for the safe design of underground railway systems.
到目前为止,已经有超过6000名地面裂缝在中国发现(
9]。Fenwei盆地,有195个裂缝,主要分布在西安、咸阳、渭南。第一个裂缝在西安西北大学校园在1959年被发现。自那时以来,14地面裂缝,总长度160公里,被发现在西安。占地面积大约是250公里2。这些裂缝,称为
f
1、…
f
14从北到南,位于Fenwei盆地。他们沿着Chang 'an-Lingtong开发活动断裂和地下水萧条的边缘锥
8,
9]。
确定地铁隧道的变形和力学影响地面裂缝,大型物理模拟和数值模拟被用来模拟地下铁路穿越地裂缝地区。地铁隧道和地面裂缝是在靠近铁路,即。,this short distance will influence the safety of the tunnel, especially during earthquakes. This study was conducted with the objective of determining the influence that ground fissures have on various factors that affect the design of railway tunnels. The results of this study may help in the effective implementation of ground fissure mitigation technologies for underground railways and other buildings in fissure-prone areas.
的
f
7地面裂缝是14裂缝,并有很强的活动在西安
7]。开始从北方岭西南的城市,
f
7裂缝穿过Xiaozhai Xiying路,在东北Fangzhi区结束。全长28公里,13公里的长度,可见部分
f
7地面裂缝的最长14地面裂缝。图
1显示了
f
7地面裂缝。
研究区在西安的城市。(a)和地铁隧道
f
7地面裂缝。(b)地裂缝的地质剖面图(单位:米)。
GPS与InSAR监测方法已经应用于确定的分布和活动
f
7地面裂缝。根据测定分析,
f
7由于地面裂缝已经重新激活三次抽水在过去50年
10]。图
2描绘了年平均位移的
f
7自1960年以来的裂缝。有三个时期严重位移发生根据记录数据。第一个时期从1960年到1989年,平均位移3.2毫米/年。的
f
7裂缝是在此期间。活动大幅增加到35.00毫米/年的第二个时期从1990年到1996年。地下水迁移的主要原因是大位移在此期间。在第三个时期,从1997年到2005年,平均活动下降到15.00毫米/年的禁令地下水删除(
11]。最大的位移,在50毫米/年,发生在1980年代的结束。基于平均位移,积累的总位移地面裂缝在第一期是97.00毫米,在第二个时期,竞争增加到245.0毫米,然后,第三时期下降到135.00毫米。平均年度(图
2)和累积位移表明水动力力量强化和重新激活的活动
f
7裂缝(
10]。
地震模拟振动台测试过程中,确保准确是非常重要的获得可靠的测试结果。合成西安地震波被选为模型实验中,通过特征匹配研究区域的地质特征。此外,两个其他已知的地震波,即。,the El Centro earthquake and Kobe earthquake waves, were applied. The El Centro wave was recorded in Empire Valley, USA in 1940 and the Kobe earthquake wave was recorded in Japan in 1995. The El Centro and Kobe earthquake waves were adjusted in accordance with the geological characteristics of Xi’an. The three earthquake waves were loaded onto the shaking table via the control system with increasing peak accelerations of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 g. A white noise with a peak acceleration of 0.03 g was also loaded to confirm the natural vibration frequency of the model box at each event before changing the stage of the earthquake waves.
图
8描绘了加速度放大系数在505毫米的深度。根据图
5 (d),505毫米的埋藏深度对应于隧道拱。加速度传感器是A2-1, A2-2, A2-8(图
5 (d))。峰值加速度的比值,从传感器,加速度峰值基本被称为加速度放大系数。除了不同加速度峰值的0.1,0.15,和0.3 g,放大曲线有相似的特征。图
8显示放大系数是最大的距离−0.5米的裂缝,即。,the point located next to the right arch tunnel, where the amplification factor decreased towards both sides. The amplification factor decreased with a corresponding increase in the peak acceleration, whose influence was more prominent in response to the synthetic Xi’an earthquake wave. The main reason for this result was that the low-frequency portion of the synthetic Xi’an earthquake wave was larger than that of the two other earthquake waves. The ground fissure site also amplified the acceleration in the hanging wall during the earthquake at a depth of 505 mm. The hanging wall effect was observed at a depth of 505 mm, as well as at the surface of the site.