膀胱过动症综合征消极地影响许多人的日常生活。一线保守治疗,如antimuscarinics,并不总是导致充分改善投诉和/或常与禁用副作用导致治疗失败。骶神经电刺激的已经成为另一种有吸引力的治疗难治性膀胱过度活跃。一些理论试图解释它的作用机理仍然是难以捉摸的。它包括经皮胫后神经刺激和更常见的骶神经调节。对于后者,临时骶神经刺激是第一步。如果测试刺激成功,永久植入装置。这个过程是安全的,可逆的。它带有持久的成功率。技术应该加上仔细的跟踪和细心的刺激参数的调整以优化临床结果。 This paper provides a review on the indications, possible mechanisms of action, surgical aspects and possible complications, and safety issues of this technique. The efficacy of the technique is also addressed.
在1990年代,施密特等人设计了一个简单的门诊诊断测试,包括经皮植入一根电线刺激S3神经根和评价运动和感觉反应(
24]。创新技术允许subchronic S3神经根刺激,这周围神经(PNE)作为评价的基础,未来的临床应用报道说。在PNE,绝缘细线放在第三个骶神经(S3)孔附近的S3与患者局部麻醉而放在桌子底下的卧姿。在我们的中心,我们利用1%利多卡因。外科医生必须确保不注入局部麻醉的孔,因为这可能导致麻木的神经,可以排除所需的感官反应。可触及坐骨级距uni -或双边。S3孔可以找到一指宽中线切迹的水平。过程完成双边和选择方面给予更好的响应。响应信号的正确位置包括波纹管收缩盆底和拇趾跖屈。办公室测试刺激,病人也可以确认正确位置与盆底肌肉的收缩或刺痛(如直肠、阴道、阴囊、会阴)。 S2 placement will demonstrate plantar flexion of the entire foot with lateral rotation, whereas S4 placement will reveal no lower extremity movement despite bellows response. Once the appropriate side and position selected, the temporary unipolar lead is connected to an external neurostimulator (external pulse generator) and taped to the skin surface. This procedure may be facilitated by the availability of office-based fluoroscopy. Response is assessed by pre- and postprocedure voiding diaries. Patients who respond favorably and demonstrate a 50% symptom improvement from baseline proceed to removal of the temporary lead followed by implantation of a quadripolar permanent lead and implantable neurostimulator placement. The leads are easily removed in the office once the test phase is complete, typically in 5 to 7 days. The duration of this test is limited to a maximum of 2 weeks because longer implantation of the temporary lead may increase the probability of bacterial contamination of the test stimulation lead [
25]。重大限制,如没有洗澡,减少活动,也决定短期测试。理想的候选人应该不会肥胖,OAB没有排泄功能障碍,也不应该有任何显著的共存医疗条件将会使一个公司过程困难
23]。此外,患者以前骶骨和尾骨的疤痕可能不是理想的候选人,因为这可能会阻止任何组件的定位和位置暂时设备。